任何好的设计一定有一个原则，股权也是。在这个原则框里，填充自己企业的血肉，才能形成一个很好的股权设计。在此，我们提出以下五项基本原则：
There must be a principle for any good design, and so is equity. In this principle box, fill the flesh and blood of your own enterprise to form a good equity design. Here, we propose the following five basic principles:
一、股权比例适当原则的具体内容
1、 Specific content of the principle of appropriate equity ratio
二、明确公司内部角色原则
2、 Clarify the principle of internal role of the company
一开始公司有几种角色必须要清晰而明确--创始人、联合创始人、员工、外部投资人。创始人和联合创始人必须要全职投入。在一个创始团队中，既扮演出资人，又提供部分资源，有时候还协助处理公司事务的人，是麻烦的。作为投资人，不管帮助创业团队做了多少事，都是资本的增值部分，不能在投资人和创始人之间来回骑墙。
At the beginning, the company has several roles that must be clear and clear -- founder, co-founder, employee, and external investor. Founders and co-founders must invest full-time. In a founding team, it is troublesome to act as a performer, provide some resources, and sometimes assist in handling company affairs. As an investor, no matter how much we have done to help the entrepreneurial team, it is the value-added part of the capital, and we cannot ride the wall between the investor and the founder.
三、股权架构干净原则
3、 Principle of clean equity structure
股权架构一定要干净，不能特别复杂。一个创业公司的股权应该有三类：创始人的股权、员工的期权和投资人的股权。创始人可以出资也可以不出资，因为创始人是以过去的经验、资源以及未来对公司的全职投入作为条件来换得公司股权的，而且按照一般的股权投资规则，创始人出小钱或不出钱占大股，投资人出大钱占小股。
The equity structure must be clean and not particularly complex. There are three types of equity in a start-up company: the equity of the founder, the option of the employee and the equity of the investor. Founders can contribute or not, because the founders get the company's equity based on their past experience, resources and full-time investment in the company in the future. According to the general rules of equity investment, the founders pay small or no money to account for large shares, while the investors pay large money to account for small shares.
四、明确股权的权和利原则
4、 Clarify the principle of equity rights and interests
股权有两个核心利益：一是投票权，这是“权”；二是利益分配，就是收益权，这是“利”。大家都竞争投票权，因为投票权决定分配权。例如万科，谁成为一大股东，谁就有权改组董事会，改组经理层班子。
Equity has two core interests: one is the right to vote, which is "right"; The second is the distribution of benefits, that is, the right to benefit, which is "benefit". Everyone competes for voting rights, because voting rights determine distribution rights. For example, Vanke, who becomes a major shareholder, has the right to reorganize the board of directors and the management team.
五、避免两种极端的股权架构
5、 Avoid two extreme equity structures
一种是一股独大，典型的就是家族企业，要么法律上只有一个股东，要么在法律上体现的是两个人，但其实都是一家人；另一种是高度分散，典型代表是华为，是全员持股。
One is that one share is dominant, which is typically a family business. Either there is only one shareholder in law, or there are two people in law, but they are all one family; The other is highly dispersed. The typical representative is Huawei, which is fully owned.
一股独大带来的问题是实现不了生产资料的社会化。因为只有股权分散，获得融资并且上市，形成多元化的股权架构，才能称得上是一个社会化企业。如果你拒绝改制，拒绝开放股权，很容易就形成一个企业的天花板。因为资本进不来，先进理念进不来，人才进不来，就形成了一个封闭体系，这样的企业长不大。
The problem brought about by the dominance of a company is that it cannot realize the socialization of the means of production. Because only when equity is dispersed, financing is obtained and listed, and a diversified equity structure is formed, can it be called a socialized enterprise. If you refuse to reform the system and open the equity, it is easy to form a ceiling of the enterprise. Because capital can't come in, advanced ideas can't come in, and talents can't come in, a closed system has been formed. Such enterprises will not grow.
比较理想的状态是，主导者能作为一个相对的大股东，在天使轮的时候要控股，后面在不断稀释中，要保持相对控股权。如果个人不行的话，一定要把团队形成“一致行动人”，把投票权放你手里，你来决策。更多相关内容就来我们网站
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The ideal state is that the leader, as a relatively large shareholder, should hold the shares in the angel round, and then maintain the relative control in the continuous dilution. If you can't do it personally, you must form a "concerted action person" in the team, put the voting right in your hands, and make decisions. Come to our website for more relevant content http://www.lushangyun.com Ask!
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