股权激励方案落地执行
十年股权整理解决方案落地实施

股权代持怎么交税，这个问题需要区分个人代持、法人代持的类别，同时要区分代持期间分红、转股以及代持还原的场景，逐项分析。

How to pay taxes on equity proxy holding requires distinguishing between individual proxy holding and corporate proxy holding categories, as well as distinguishing scenarios of dividend distribution, stock conversion, and proxy holding restoration during the proxy holding period, and analyzing each item item.

鉴于现代企业治理和股东投资实践中，已经很少用法人作为名义股东来代持股权，因此本文忽略法人代持的情形，专门讨论最常见的个人代持情况。同时，考虑到股东在有限合伙平台中间接持股的做法随处可见，本文讨论的个人代持，增加一层有限合伙持股平台。

Given that in modern corporate governance and shareholder investment practices, legal entities are rarely used as nominal shareholders to hold equity, this article ignores the situation of legal entity holding on behalf of shareholders and specifically discusses the most common cases of individual holding on behalf of shareholders. Meanwhile, considering that the practice of shareholders accepting shares in the middle of limited partnership platforms is ubiquitous, this article discusses individual proxy holding and adds a layer of limited partnership shareholding platform.

1.分红场景下股权代持的税务处理

1. Tax treatment of equity holdings under dividend scenarios

股权代持期间，如果主体公司发生股东分红，则资金流和税务流通常是这样的：先由主体公司分红给有限合伙持股平台，有限合伙本身作为税收导管无需缴纳企业所得税，故而可再次直接将分红款项分配给名义股东，名义股东完税扣款后，将税后分红款转付给实际股东：

During the period of equity proxy holding, if the main company experiences shareholder dividends, the capital and tax flows are usually as follows: the main company first distributes dividends to the limited partnership shareholding platform, and the limited partnership itself serves as a tax conduit without paying corporate income tax. Therefore, the dividend payments can be directly distributed to nominal shareholders again. After the nominal shareholders pay the tax deductions, the after tax dividends are transferred to the actual shareholders:

2.转股场景下股权代持的税务处理

2. Tax treatment of equity proxy holding in the scenario of equity conversion

股权代持期间，代持人按照实际股东指示转让代持股权的，资金流为：受让方先向持股平台支付转让款；持股平台再向名义股东支付投资分红；名义股东完税后，转付剩余款项给实际股东。

During the period of equity proxy holding, if the proxy holder transfers the proxy equity according to the actual shareholder's instructions, the cash flow is as follows: the transferee first pays the transfer fee to the shareholding platform; The shareholding platform pays investment dividends to nominal shareholders again; After the nominal shareholder pays taxes, the remaining amount is transferred to the actual shareholder.

由此可见，在分红和转股场景下，明面的纳税人是名义股东，实际的负担主体是实际股东，因为不管用谁的名义交税，最终花的还是实际股东的钱。

From this, it can be seen that in the scenarios of dividends and stock conversions, the nominal taxpayer is the nominal shareholder, and the actual burden subject is the actual shareholder, because no matter who pays the tax in their name, the final expenditure is still the actual shareholder's money.

3.终止场景下股权代持的税务处理

3. Tax treatment for equity holding in termination scenarios

实际股东不想让名义股东给自己代持了，就可以解除掉原来签署的股权/财产份额代持协议。这个过程中，有一个关键问题需要明确：平价转让是否可行，尤其是在股权所在主体公司存在对外融资（等于是有了市场化估值）情形下，名义股东可否按照原始出资（一般为1元/注册资本）将代持股权转给实际股东？

If the actual shareholder does not want the nominal shareholder to hold the shares on their behalf, they can terminate the previously signed equity/property share holding agreement. In this process, a key question needs to be clarified: is it feasible to transfer equity at a fair price, especially in the case of external financing (equivalent to market-oriented valuation) of the equity entity company, can nominal shareholders transfer their proxy equity to actual shareholders based on their original investment (usually 1 yuan/registered capital)?

这个问题的实质是：解除代持的股权转让行为，是否能构成税法上股权转让价格明显偏低的“正当理由”？

The essence of this question is: can the act of terminating the transfer of equity held by proxy constitute a "legitimate reason" for the significantly lower equity transfer price in tax law?

如果税务局不认为这是正当理由，则转股双方会面临核定征收，从而缴纳大额税款；如果构成正当理由，则必须提交“有效证据”。

If the tax bureau does not consider this to be a legitimate reason, both parties involved in the conversion will face assessed taxation, resulting in the payment of a large amount of tax; If it constitutes a legitimate reason, "valid evidence" must be submitted.

根据实践案例，平价转股解除代持还原股权，要想构成低价转股的正当理由，“有效证据”链条至少应当包括五个方面：

According to practical cases, in order to constitute a legitimate reason for the low price conversion of shares, the "effective evidence" chain should include at least five aspects:

（1）代持背景说明，详细描述股权代持关系发生的原因和目的，旨在告诉税务局这种股权转让行为并非企业股东对外转让股权交易变现的市场化行为，而只是一种内部股权架构调整的动作；

(1) Background explanation of proxy holding, detailing the reasons and purposes for the occurrence of equity proxy holding relationship, aiming to inform the tax bureau that this equity transfer behavior is not a market-oriented behavior of enterprise shareholders transferring equity to external parties for realization, but only an action of internal equity structure adjustment;

（2）投资转账凭证链：证明实际股东向名义股东转了股权投资款，名义股东把收到的投资款原封不动地打到了主体公司账户；

(2) Investment transfer voucher chain: It proves that the actual shareholder has transferred equity investment funds to the nominal shareholder, and the nominal shareholder has transferred the received investment funds to the account of the main company in their original form;

（3）代持协议，代持产生时就应该签署，而且需要办理公证，免得被怀疑是为了避税而事后补签；

(3) The proxy agreement should be signed as soon as the proxy is generated, and it needs to be notarized to avoid being suspected of being signed for tax avoidance;

（4）解除股权代持协关系的协议，同样需要公证版本；

(4) The agreement to terminate the equity holding agreement also requires a notarized version;

（5）法院判决，确认股权代持关系及代持还原事实，增加公信力。

(5) The court ruling confirms the equity holding relationship and the fact of the proxy holding restoration, enhancing credibility.