股权激励方案落地执行
十年股权整理解决方案落地实施

1.确定股东

1. Determine shareholders

确定公司内部的各种角色及分工，包括创始人、合伙人、核心员工、投资人等。

Identify various roles and divisions within the company, including founders, partners, core employees, investors, etc.

2.确定公司主体

2. Determine the company entity

明确公司的类型、业务范围、发展方向等。明确企业的类型，是有限责任公司还是股份有限公司。这两种类型在股权结构及要求上存在显著差异。有限责任公司股东人数受限、股权流转受限，而股份有限公司则股份等额划分且转让相对自由。根据企业类型，确定股东结构，包括股东数量、身份和持股比例等。

Clearly define the type, business scope, and development direction of the company. Clarify the type of enterprise, whether it is a limited liability company or a joint-stock limited company. There are significant differences between these two types in terms of equity structure and requirements. Limited liability companies have limited shareholder numbers and restricted equity transfers, while joint stock limited companies have equal share allocation and relatively free transfer. Determine the shareholder structure based on the type of enterprise, including the number, identity, and shareholding ratio of shareholders.

3.确定股权比例和控制权设置

3. Determine the equity ratio and control rights setting

根据每个股东的资金投入、技术贡献、市场开拓能力、管理经验等因素，综合评估其对公司的重要性和贡献，合理分配股权。确保创始人作为实际控制人持有大股，以保证公司治理的稳定性。一般来说，资金多、贡献大、经验丰富者往往占股多，但需全面权衡，保障公平合理。但小股东也可通过投票协议、特别股权等方式获取一定的控制权。

Based on factors such as capital investment, technological contribution, market development ability, and management experience of each shareholder, comprehensively evaluate their importance and contribution to the company, and allocate equity reasonably. Ensure that the founder holds a large stake as the actual controller to ensure the stability of corporate governance. Generally speaking, those with more funds, greater contributions, and extensive experience often hold more shares, but a comprehensive balance needs to be made to ensure fairness and reasonableness. But small shareholders can also obtain certain control rights through voting agreements, special equity, and other means.

4.制定分配原则和同股不同权规则

4. Develop distribution principles and rules for equal shares but different rights

根据股东的贡献和重要性，制定股权分配原则。如果存在不同类别的股东，如资金股、技术股等，需要制定同股不同权的规则。例如，京东的股权设计采用了双重股权结构模式，普通股被分为A类和B类两种不同类型的股票，并赋予它们不同的投票权。通过这种设计，即便刘强东及其团队的持股比例不高，他们也能在表决权上占据绝对优势，从而有效控制公司。根据有关数据，截至2024年3月31日，刘强东通过Max Smart Limited持有京东约10.7%的股权，同时通过员工持股平台Fortune Rising Holdings Limited控制约0.6%的股权，总计控制京东约11.2%的股权。然而，得益于双重股权结构，刘强东拥有高达66.7%（或根据不同时期数据有所波动）的投票权，从而实现对京东的强有力控制。

Develop equity distribution principles based on the contributions and importance of shareholders. If there are different categories of shareholders, such as capital stocks, technology stocks, etc., it is necessary to establish rules for different rights for the same stock. For example, JD's equity design adopts a dual class equity structure model, where common stocks are divided into two different types: Class A and Class B, and are granted different voting rights. Through this design, even if Liu Qiangdong and his team's shareholding ratio is not high, they can still have an absolute advantage in voting rights and effectively control the company. According to relevant data, as of March 31, 2024, Liu Qiangdong holds approximately 10.7% of the equity of JD.com through Max Smart Limited, and also controls approximately 0.6% of the equity through the employee stock ownership platform Fortune Rising Holdings Limited, totaling approximately 11.2% of the equity of JD.com. However, thanks to the dual class ownership structure, Liu Qiangdong holds up to 66.7% (or fluctuates according to data from different periods) of voting rights, thereby achieving strong control over JD.com.

5.制定股东协议

5. Develop a shareholder agreement

股东协议应明确股东的权利、义务、分红机制、退出机制等，以避免后续纠纷。不管最终采用何种股权比例设计方案，都务必通过书面协议清晰、详细地约定好各方面内容，包括股权比例、各股东权利义务、决策机制等关键事项。这可有效避免后续可能出现的纠纷，为企业稳定运营、股东友好合作筑牢法律基础。

The shareholder agreement should specify the rights, obligations, dividend mechanism, exit mechanism, etc. of shareholders to avoid subsequent disputes. No matter what equity ratio design scheme is ultimately adopted, it is necessary to clearly and detailedly stipulate all aspects through a written agreement, including key issues such as equity ratio, shareholder rights and obligations, decision-making mechanism, etc. This can effectively avoid potential disputes in the future and lay a legal foundation for stable operation of the enterprise and friendly cooperation among shareholders.

6.执行与调整

6. Execution and Adjustment

股权设计不是一成不变的，而是一个在发展中不断完善的过程。随着企业的成长和发展，股权结构可能需要适时调整。因此，要保持一定的灵活性，根据企业的实际情况和目标来制定和调整股权结构。

Equity design is not static, but a process of continuous improvement in development. As the enterprise grows and develops, the equity structure may need to be adjusted in a timely manner. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain degree of flexibility and formulate and adjust the equity structure according to the actual situation and goals of the enterprise.

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